This AREU research paper is a case study of CARD-F, a nine-year aid-funded rural development programme which began with counternarcotic goals.

Measuring progress towards SDG16 in Afghanistan: Ignoring the elephant in the room
Viewpoint published in the International Journal of Drug Policy. By Orzala Nemat and Adam Pain

Explaining Afghanistan’s failed counter-narcotics policy and opportunities for policy engagement
Five reasons why counter-narcotics policy ambitions have failed in Afghanistan and reflections on what this means for those seeking to inform counter-narcotics policymaking and interventions.

Drugs and development in Afghanistan: national policy and actor analysis
An overview of counter-narcotic laws, policies and programmes in Afghanistan since 2001 and what it means for policy engagement today.

Mastering the art of living with radical uncertainty in Afghanistan
While the West struggles with the uncertainty of coronavirus, for Afghanistan it’s a way of life, and opium poppy cultivation is an important part.